INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS

ASSIGNMENT A

1 . Compute the intermediate points on the line drawn from (0, 0) to (5, 10) using Bresenham’s Algorithm?

2. Define window to viewport transformation?

3. Discuss Depth-Buffer Method or Scan-Line Method?

4 .What are the two main approaches used for hidden surface removal? Explain briefly the methods Used in each approach?

5. Discuss Bresenham’s Circle Drawing algorithm. 

6. Consider two raster systems with the resolutions of 640 x 480 and 1280 x 1024.
How many pixels could be accessed per second in each of these systems by a display controller that refreshes the screen at a rate of 60 frames per second?

7. Write the difference between vector and raster graphics?

8. List out the merits and demerits of DVST?

ASSIGNMENT B

Case Detail:  
A cathode ray tube consists of several basic components. The electron gun generates an arrow beam of electrons. The anodes accelerate the electrons. Deflecting coils produce an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field that allows for constant adjustment of the direction of the electron beam. There are two sets of deflecting coils: horizontal and vertical. The intensity of the beam can be varied. The electron beam produces a tiny, bright visible spot when it strikes the phosphor-coated screen.

Question 
1.    Explain the working of Cathode ray Tube. 

2.    What is frame buffer? 

3.    What is rasterization?  

ASSIGNMENT C

Question No.  1    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The light pen is an     

Options    
    
Graphics input device

Graphics output device

Both A and B

None of these

Question No.  2    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The region against which an object is to be clipped is called:     

Options    
    
Clipping

Clip Window 

View Port 

All of these

Question No.  3    Marks - 10
________________________________________
In Cohen-Sutherland line clipping, every line end-point in a picture is assigned a four digit binary code, called:     

Options    

Front point

End point  

Region code

All of these

Question No.  4    Marks - 10
________________________________________
DAC is:     

Options    
    
Direct Access Code  

Digital Align Code 

Direct Area Clipping 

Digital to Analog converter 

Question No.  5    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Back face removal is an example of :    

Options    
    
Object space method 

Image space method 

Both (a) and (b) 

Raster scan 

Question No.  6    Marks - 10
________________________________________
In Raster scan displays picture definition is stored in a memory area called:     

Options    
    
Refresh buffer

Picture element  

Pixels   

None of these

Question No.  7    Marks - 10
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Polygon-Clipping algorithms include the:    

Options    
    
Sutherland-Hodgeman method

Liang-Barsky method  

Weiler-Atherton method  

None of these

Question No.  8    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Oblique projection is:     

Options    
    
An orthographic projection 

A perspective projection 

a parallel projection 

an axonometric projection

Question No.  9    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Two-dimensional viewing transformation is referred as:    

Options    
    
Window to view port transformation 

Windowing transformation 

Both (a) and (b) 

None of these 

Question No.  10    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Typical Raster functions often provided in graphic packages are:     

Options    
    
Copy

Read  

Write 

All of these

Question No.  11    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The convolution operation in anti-aliasing is known as:     

Options    
    
Half-toning 

Filtering

Shielding

None of the above 

Question No.  12    Marks - 10
________________________________________
In Wailer-Atherton algorithm for polygon clipping the subject polygon is:     

Options    
    
Clipping window

Polygon to be clipped 

both a &  b 

None of these 

Question No.  13    Marks - 10
________________________________________
In which LCD displays transistors are used to control the voltage at pixel locations and to prevent charges from leaking out of the liquid crystal cells;     

Options    
    
Passive matrix  LCD

Active Matrix LCD

Both (a) and (b)

None of these

Question No.  14    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The process of extracting a portion of a database or a picture:     

Options    
    
Clipping

Database querying 

Dithering

None of these 

Question No.  15    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Line clipping can also be carried out for:     

Options    
    
Concave 

Polygon clipping windows  

Clipping window  

All of the these 

Question No.  16    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Conceptually drawing a line from any position P to a distant point outside the coordinate extents of the object and counting the number of edge crossing along the lines:    

Options    
    
Odd-even rule  

Odd priority rule 

Even-of rule 

All of these 

Question No.  17    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Shadow Mask method are used in:     

Options    
    
Raster Scan monitors  

Random scan monitors 

Both (a) and (b)

None of these 

Question No.  18    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Gray scale is used in?    

Options    
    
Monitor that have color capability

Monitor that have no color capability

Random scan display

None of these

Question No.  19    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Raster scan systems display a picture from a definition in a     

Options    
    
Display file program

Frame buffer

Display controller

None of the above

Question No.  20    Marks - 10
________________________________________
A random scan (Vector) system stores point plotting instruction in the:    

Options    
    
View list 

Display list 

Both (a) and (b) 

None of these 

Question No.  21    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The ......... simply reads each successive byte of data from the frame buffer     

Options    
    
Digital Controller

Data Controller

Display Controller

All of these

Question No.  22    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The subcategories of orthographic projection are     

Options    
    
Cavalier, cabinet, isometric

Cavalier, cabinet

Isometric, dimetric, trimetric

Isometric, cavalier, trimetric

Question No.  23    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The perspective anomaly in which the object behind the centre of projection is projected    

Options    
    
Perspective foreshortening

Vanishing view

View confusion

Topological distortion

Question No.  24    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The refresh rate below which a picture flickers is     

Options    
    
25

30

35

60

Question No.  25    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Foreshortening factors are associated with:     

Options    
    
Orthographic projection 

Cabinet projection 

Cavalier projection 

Axonometric projection 

Question No.  26    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The set of points such that the sum of the distances from fixed positions the same for  all points, is called: 
    

Options    
    
Mid-point circle 

Ellipse

Line function

All of the these 

Question No.  27    Marks - 10
________________________________________
An image scanner can be used for:     

Options    
    
Text material 

Engineering drawing 

Pictures

All of the these 

Question No.  28    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Computer Graphics models are now commonly used for making?    

Options    
    
Motion pictures

Music Videos

Television shows

All of the these 

Question No.  29    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The maximum number of points that can be displayed without overlap on a CRT is refereed to as    

Options    
    
Resolution

Persistence

Attenuation

None of the these

Question No.  30    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Beam penetration method for displaying color pictures has been used with:    

Options    
    
Random scan monitors 

Raster scan monitors 

Both (a) and (b) 

None of these

Question No.  31    Marks - 10
________________________________________
........ used to regulate the flow of elections in CRT ?     

Options    
    
Electronic Gun

Focusing electrode

Control electrode

All of these

Question No.  32    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The transformation that distorts the shape of the object such that the shape appears as if the object were composed 
of internal layer is:    

Options    
    
Scaling

Shearing

Rotation

Reflection 

Question No.  33    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The meaning of the PNG is:     

Options    
    
Portable Network Graphics 

Printable Network Graphics 

Passive Node Graphics

Pannable Network Graphics 

Question No.  34    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Which of the following is/are considering as graphical input device?     

Options    
    
Scanner

OCR

MICR

All of these 

Question No.  35    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The perspective anomaly in which the object behind the centre of projection is projected     

Options    
    
Perspective foreshortening 

Vanishing view 

View confusion  

Topological distortion 

Question No.  36    Marks - 10
________________________________________
Back face removal is an example of :    

Options    
    
Object space method

Image-space method 

Heuristic method

Both (a) and (b) 

Question No.  37    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The glow given off by the, phosphor during exposure of the electron beam is known as ?    

Options    
    
Fluorescence

Phosphorescence

Persistence

Resistance

Question No.  38    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The basic elements a picture in volume graphics is:     

Options    
    
pixel

vols

voxel

None of these

Question No.  39    Marks - 10
________________________________________
The point at which a set of projected parallel lines appear to converge in called as a :-     

Options    
    
Convergence point 

Vanishing point  

Point of illusion 

Point of delusion 

Question No.  40    Marks - 10
________________________________________
If the eccentricity is less than one then the conic is     

Options    
    
Parabola

Hyperbola

Ellipse 

circle