MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES

                                                      
                                                        ASSIGNMENT  - A

1. Describe the framework of multimedia systems. How does this framework help to enhance multimedia outputs?

2. Write some important uses of audio in computer applications. Give the methodology behind the transmission of digital sound.

3. Give the digital audio signal processing method. How this method is useful for multimedia applications?

4. Differentiate between Raster and Random Scan Display. Explain the Raster scanning principles with its importance.

5. How can you evaluate the compression system? Write some video compression techniques in details

 
6. Compare and contrast the JPEG image compression standards and the MPEG motion video compression standard with their applications.

7. Describe the concept of virtual reality. How this technique help the uses and applications of multimedia system.

ASSIGNMENT- B
Case Detail:  

Multimedia systems may have to render a variety of media at the same instant -- a distinction from normal applications. There is a temporal relationship between many forms of media (e.g. Video and Audio. Data has to represent digitally so many initial sources of data needs to digitize -- translated from analog source to digital representation. The will involve scanning (graphics, still images), sampling (audio/video) although digital cameras now exist for direct scenes to digital capture of images and video. The data is large several Mb easily for audio and video -- therefore storage, transfer (bandwidth) and processing overheads are high. Each pixel is stored as a single bit (0 or 1), so also referred to as binary image. Such an image is also called a 1-bit monochrome image since it contains no color. Each pixel has a grey-value between 0 and 255. Each pixel is represented by byte; e.g., a dark pixel might have a value of 10, and a bright one might be 230. Bitmap: The two-dimensional array of pixel values that represents the graphics/image data.  Image resolution refers to the number of pixels in a digital image (higher resolution always yields better quality). – Fairly high resolution for such an image might be 1,600 1,200, whereas lower resolution might be 640 480. The 8-bit image can be thought of as a set of 1-bit bit-planes, where each plane consists of a 1-bit representation of the image at higher and higher levels of “elevation”: a bit is turned on if the image pixel has a nonzero value that is at or above that bit level. Each pixel is usually stored as a byte (a value between 0 to 255), so a 640 480 greyscale image requires 300 kb of storage (640 480 = 307, 200). When an image is printed, the basic strategy of dithering is used, which trades intensity resolution for a spatial resolution to provide the ability to print multi-level images on 2-level (1-bit) printers. Dithering is used to calculate patterns of dots such that values from 0 to 255 correspond to patterns that are more and more filled at darker pixel values, for printing on a 1-bit printer. The main strategy is to replace a pixel value by a larger pattern, say 2 2 or 4 4, such that the number of printed dots approximates the varying-sized disks of ink used in analog, in halftone printing (e.g., for newspaper photos). The most common data types for graphics and image file formats — 24-bit color and 8-bit color. Some formats are restricted to particular hardware / operating system platforms, while others are “cross-platform” formats. Even if some formats are not cross-platform, there are conversion applications that will recognize and translate formats from one system to another. Most image formats incorporate some variation of a compression technique due to the large storage size of image files. Compression techniques can be classified into lossless.

Questions
1. The data is large for audio and video therefore storage, transfer (bandwidth) and processing overheads are high. How will you handle this situation to store perfect image? Explain.

 
2. Explain the various methods to capture high-resolution images. Describe the difficulties to capture such images and their solutions.

3. Compression techniques can be classified into either lossless or lossy. How will you handle the lossy data during compression? Explain any one technique.

ASSIGNMENT -C

Question No.  1
The major difference between a multimedia file and a regular file is :    
 
Options    
    
the size

the attributes

the ownership

the rate at which the file must be accessed

Question No.  2    
Video is represented as a series of images formally known as :    
 
Options    
    
pics

shots

frames

snaps

Question No.  3    
The faster the frames are displayed, :    
 
Options    
    
the rougher the video appears

the smoother the video appears

it gets blurry

None of these

Question No.  4    
The characteristic of the eye to retain the image for a short time after it has been presented is known as :    
 
Options    
    
persistence of vision

learning power

memory mapped input

None of these

Question No.  5    
Local playback is when    
 
Options    
    
the multimedia data are delivered from a local file system

a computer next to you is playing something

a multimedia file is being played on a system in the local network

None of these

Question No.  6    
Random access is not allowed in :    
 
Options    
    
live streaming

dead streaming

static streaming

on demand streaming

Question No.  7    
The streaming that takes place as the event is occurring is :    
 
Options    
    
live streaming

dead streaming

static streaming

on-demand streaming

Question No.  8    
For a computer to deliver continuous media it must guarantee the specific rate and timing requirements, also known as :    
 
Options    

deadline

quality of service

period

burst time

Question No.  9    
For QOS to be implemented properly    
 
Options    
    
file systems must be efficient to meet the rate requirements of continuous media

network protocols must support bandwidth requirements while minimizing delay and jitter

Both a and b

None of these

    

Question No.  10    
Once a file is compressed :    
 
Options    
    
it has a better quality

it takes up less space for storage

Both

None of these

Question No.  11    
The three levels in QoS are    
 
Options    
    
Best effort service

Soft QoS

Hard QoS

All of the above

Question No.  12    
The level that treats different types of traffics in different ways, giving certain traffic streams higher priority than other
 streams and with best efforts, but no guarantees are made :    
 
Options    
    
Best effort service

Soft QoS

Worst effort service

Hard QoS

Question No.  13    
The quality of service requirements are guaranteed in :    
 
Options    
    
Best effort service

Soft QoS

Worst effort service

Hard QoS

Question No.  14    
The factors that define QoS are :    
 
Options    
    
Throughput

Jitter

Delay

All of the above

Question No.  15    
Delay and Jitter    
 
Options    
    
mean the same thing

are two completely different things

Both of above

None of the above

Question No.  16    
The media file is streamed to the client but is only played and not stored by the client in :    
 
Options    
    
progressive download

regular download

real time streaming

virtual time streaming

Question No.  17    

The characteristic of the eye to retain the image for a short time after it has been presented is known as :    
 
Options    
    
persistence of vision

learning power

memory-mapped input

None of these

Question No.  18    
A video consists of a sequence of    
 
Options    
    
Frames

signals

packets

slots

Question No.  19    
If frames are displayed on screen fast enough, we get an impression of    
 
Options    
    
signal

motion

packet

bits

Question No.  20    
To receive a signal, a translator is needed to decode the signal and encode it again at a    
 
Options    
    
higher quality

lower quality

same quality

bad quality

    

Question No.  21    
One of the disadvantages of multimedia is:    
 
Options    
    
cost

adaptability

usability

relativity

Question No.  22    

The text color in a presentation should contrast with the ________ color.    
 
Options    
    
C.P.U

frame

stack

background

Question No.  23    
Images included in many software titles are called _________.    
 
Options    
    
clipboard

popups

.jpeg file

.tiff file

Question No.  24    
Images included in many software titles are called _________.    
 
Options    
    
portable network graphic

clipart

bitmap

thumbnail

Question No.  25    
The process of planning your multimedia presentation is known as a:    
 
Options    
    
design

storyboard

development

layout

Question No.  26    
Hardware that creates sound from a mathematical representation    
 
Options    
    
Sound Synthesizer

Stampers

Speaker

Sons

Question No.  27    
ITC Franklin Gothic specifies:    
 
Options    
    
style

visual effect

color

font

Question No.  28    
The visual representation of a project that includes a table of contents as well as a chart of the logical flow of the 
interactive interface is often called    
 
Options    
    
A master layout

A navigation map

A workflow diagram

A prototype

Question No.  29    
Space between lines:    
 
Options    

leading

kerning

extrude

expending

Question No.  30    
represents_________ tool    
 
Options    
    
card based

page based

time based

icon based

Question No.  31    
MIDI stands for:    
 
Options    
    
Musical Instrument Digital Interface

Musical Instrument Digital Instruction

MP3 Instrument Digital Interface

Musical Instrument Design Interface

Question No.  32    
Which of these is not likely to be the responsibility of a multimedia project?    
 
Options    
    
Create interfaces

Ensure the visual consistency of the project

Structure content

Create budgets and timelines for the project

Question No.  33    
Which of the following is not the style for the font?    
 
Options    
    
shadows

outline

carve

bold

Question No.  34    
Identify the Macintosh character for <>    
 
Options    

(…)Ellipse

?

""

=

Question No.  35    
What is the quick time embedded HTML command?    
 
Options    
    
HFS

Hues

HREF

HYPERLINK

Question No.  36    
Converting bitmaps to drawn object is more difficult and is called:    
 
Options    
    
Dithering

morphing

auto tracing

leading

Question No.  37    
___________is a part of multimedia.    
 
Options    
    
Text

Hypertext

Plain Text

Print Text

Question No.  38    
A Multimedia Presentation can be:

I. Linear.
II. Nonlinear.
III. Structured link.
IV. Web page.
     
 
Options    
    
Only (I) above

Only (IV) above

Both (I) and (II) above

All (I), (II), (III) and (IV) above

Question No.  39
A ________buffer is required for real-time traffic.    
 
Options    

playback

recording

sorting

none of above

Question No.  40    
We can divide audio and video services into _______ broad categories.    
 
Options    
    
three

two

four

none of the above