Router Protocols and Concepts

SECTION A

1. a) why we need routing in a network’s?

b) Describe the three methods to enter routes into the routing table (dynamic routing, static routing, directly connected networks).?       

 
 

3.  a. Describe basic characteristics and operation of static routes.

b. Explain the classful route lookup process    

5. a. Describe the process to configure and modify the default behavior of RIPv2 in a small network

b. Describe the advantages of disabling automatic summarization in a RIPv2 network      

SECTION B

Case study

Kotak Mahindra Bank is one of the best organizations where we can study about networking and clear our concepts. We selected this particular network, so that the impact of networking on a corporate world can be studied closely. Mr .Prasad Mehta, a network   engineer, actually helped us to clear our all queries and concepts of networking. In this case study, we have mainly focused on the concepts of technological development in networking field, along with the network design.

Q.No 1: How network operates?

 
Q.No 2: What types of technology is available? How does information flow?

Q.No 3: Who is sharing the data and what kind of data is being shared?

SECTION C

What command would you use to see if clocking is stopped on an interface?
 (A): show controllers
 (B): show ip interface
 (C): show interface
 (D): show running-config

Which of the following describes a MAC address?
 (A): It is a globally unique IP address
 (B): It is a unique address in a broadcast domain
 (C): It is provided by the manufacturer of the NIC
 (D): It is a logical address

What is the advantage of route summarization?
 (A): Ensures job security for network admins because of difficulty of confguration
 (B): Reduces routing update traffic overhead
 (C): Reduces the impact of discontiguous subnets
 (D): Identifies flapping interfaces
  
You have the binary number 10110011. Find a number equivalent to this in decimal notation :
 (A): 178
 (B): 179
 (C): 128
 (D): 184

Which of the following prompts indicates that you are in privileged mode?
 (A): >
 (B): (config)#
 (C): #
 (D): !

Which keystroke will terminate setup mode?
 (A): Ctrl+Z
 (B): Ctrl+#
 (C): Ctrl+C
 (D): Ctrl+Shift

Which of the following commands configures a default gateway address on a switch?
 (A): Switch # ip default-gateway 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
 (B): Switch (config)# ip default-gateway 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
 (C): Switch (config)# ip default-gateway 10.0.0.1
 (D): Switch (config-router)# ip default-gateway 10.0.0.1

If your routing table has a static , a RIP and an IGRP route to the same network, which route will be used to route packets by default?
 (A): Any available route
 (B): RIP route
 (C): Static route
 (D): IGRP route

Two concerned routers are configured with RIP routing? What will be the result when a router receives a routing update that contains a higher cost path to a network already in its routing table?
 (A): The updated information will be added to the existing routing table
 (B): The update will be ignored and no further action will occur
 (C): The updated information will replace the existing routing table entry
 (D): The existing routing table entry will be deleted from the routing table

You are working on a router that does not have any loopback interfaces. Without the presence of a loopback interface, how do you choose the router ID in OSPF?
 (A): You must create a loopback interface. Without it, OSPF is not activated
 (B): It is the highest IP address among all physical interfaces that are active when OSPF is started.
 (C): It is the highest IP address among all physical interfaces regardless if they are active when OSPF first starts.
 (D): It is the lowest IP address among all physical interfaces

You get a call from a network administrator who tells you that he typed the following into his router: Router(config)# router ospf 1 Router(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 area 0 He tells you he still can't see any routes in the routing table.
 (A): The wildcard mask is incorrect
 (B): The OSPF area is wrong
 (C): The OSPF process ID is incorrect
 (D): The AS configuration is wrong

How often does RIPv1 send out its routing table?
 (A): RIPv1 uses only triggered updates
 (B): Every 30 seconds
 (C): When asked by a neighbor router
 (D): Every 60 seconds

What attribute is associated with link state routing protocols?
 (A): Hop count
 (B): Poison Reverse
 (C): Low Processor Overhead
 (D): Shortest Path first calculations

Which command will delete the contents of NVRAM on a router?
 (A): delete NVRAM
 (B): delete startup-config
 (C): erase NVRAM
 (D): erase start

What is the benefit to having a hierarchical design with OSPF?
 (A): Convergence is faster
 (B): Less configuration on the area border routers
 (C): Feasible successors are chosen later
 (D): None of the above

You execute the show ip interface brief command on a router and see that an interface is administratively down. What could you do to bring the interface to the up state?
 (A): Execute the no shutdown command on the interface
 (B): Reset the cable on the interface
 (C): Execute the interface up command on the interface
 (D): Enter the clock rate command on the interface

Which statement is true regarding the cost calculation for a link in OSPF?
 (A): It is set to 1544 by default for all OSPF interfaces
 (B): The configured loopback addresses map to link costs
 (C): It may be calculated using the formula Reference Bandwidth/ Bandwidth
 (D): It is calculated proportionally to observed throughput capacity of the router

Which statement is not true regarding the encapsulation and decapsulation of packets when travelling through a router?
 (A): The router modifies the TTL field decrementing it by one.
 (B): The router maintains the same source and destination IP.
 (C): The router changes the source physical address to the physical address of the exit interface.
 (D): The router changes the source IP to the IP of the exit interface.

When using a classful class A IP address scheme , how many octects are used to designate the host portion of the address?
 (A): 1
 (B): 2
 (C): 3
 (D): 4

What type of cable you use between two switches?
 (A): straight-through cable
 (B): Crossover cable
 (C): Rollover cable
 (D): V.35 cable

Which of the following is not a parameter used to calculate metric?
 (A): hop count
 (B): delay
 (C): bandwidth
 (D): administrative distance

For the given classful network address, indicate the Class: “172.16.10.1”
 (A): Class A
 (B): Class B
 (C): Class C
 (D): Class D

Which of the following mechanism is used by link-state routing protocols to build and maintain routing tables?
 (A): link-state advertisements
 (B): service network advertisements
 (C): routing table broadcasts
 (D): Spanning tree protocol

Which field in the IP header ensures that packets will not loop endlessly on a network?
 (A): CRC
 (B): TOS
 (C): TTL
 (D): Checksum

What would cause an OSPF adjancey not to form between two routers?
 (A): The process ID numbers do not match between the two routers
 (B): The interfaces connecting the two routers are in different areas
 (C): Routers are using incompatible IOS versions
 (D): Use SSH instead of Telnet

How many bits are used in IPV4 address space?
 (A): 8
 (B): 12
 (C): 32
 (D): 64

How many bits are used in IPV6 address space?
 (A): 128
 (B): 12
 (C): 32
 (D): 64

Which two statements are true for OSPF Hello packets?
 (A): They negotiate correct parameters among neighboring interfaces
 (B): They are used for dynamic neighbor discovery
 (C): They use timers to elect the designated router with the fastest link
 (D): They are used to maintain neighbor relationships.

Which of the following task must be completed before two routers can use OSPF to form a neighbour adjancey?
 (A): The routers must elect a designated router.
 (B): The routers must agree on the network type.
 (C): The routers must exchange link state requests.
 (D): The routers must exchange database description packets

On what types of network would you elect a DR?
 (A): Broadcast Multi-access
 (B): Point-to-point
 (C): Point-to-multipoint
 (D): Point-to-multipoint no broadcast

A router has EIGRP configured as the only routing protocol. In what way does EIGRP respond if there is no feasible successor route to a destination network and the successor route fails?
 (A): It broadcasts hello packets to all routers in the network to re-establish neighbor adjacencies
 (B): It sends queries to adjacent neighbors until a new successor route is found.
 (C): It immediately sends its entire routing table to its neighbors
 (D): It sends queries to adjacent neighbors until the lost route is unknown to the neighbors

What is the main function of a router?
 (A): It connects multiple IP networks.
 (B): It controls the flow of data via the use of Layer 2 addresses
 (C): It manages the VLAN database
 (D): It increases the size of the broadcast domain

Two routers need to be configured within a single OSPF area. Which component need to be configured on both routers to achieve this?
 (A): the same router ID
 (B): the same process ID
 (C): the same area ID
 (D): the same loop back address

Which mechanism helps to avoid routing loops by advertising a metric of infinity?
 (A): route poisoning
 (B): split horizon
 (C): hold-down timer
 (D): triggered updates

A network administrator has configured a default route on Router_A but it is not being shared with adjacent Router_B and the other routers in the OSPF area. Which command will save the administrator the time and trouble of configuring this default route o
 (A): Router_A(config-router)# ospf redistribute default-route
 (B): Router_B(config-router)# ospf redistribute default-route
 (C): Router_A(config-router)# default-information originate
 (D): Router_B(config-router)# default-information originate

A router has learned about a network through static and dynamic routing processes. Which route will be used to reach network 192.168.168.0?
 (A): D 192.168.168.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:09, Ethernet0
 (B): O 192.168.168.0/24 [110/1012] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:22, Ethernet0
 (C): R 192.168.168.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:17, Ethernet0
 (D): S 192.168.168.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.200.1

What do the ip classless and no ip classless commands do?
 (A): determine the address lookup behaviour of the routing process
 (B): specify whether the router will accept subnet masks in routing updates
 (C): restrict the use of classful or classless routing protocols
 (D): allow the router to accept or not accept VLSM for interface addresses

Which statement is true regarding routing metrics?
 (A): All routing protocols use the same metrics
 (B): EIGRP uses bandwidth as its only metric
 (C): Routers compare metrics to determine the best route
 (D): The larger metric generally represents the better path

If you send a packet to a network that a router does not have in its routing table and no default route is established, what will the router do with your packet?
 (A): It will drop the packet
 (B): It will send the packet back to the source
 (C): It will send an ICMP administratively prohibited message back to the source
 (D): None of the above

Which two router component and operation pair are correctly described?
 (A): DRAM -loads the bootstrap
 (B): RAM -stores the operating system
 (C): NVRAM -stores the configuration file
 (D): ROM -stores the backup configuration file