SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

1st Block Assessment
Case Study
The Software Development Lifecycle is a systematic process for building software that ensures the quality and correctness of the software built. SDLC process aims to produce high-quality software which meets customer expectations. The software development should be complete in the pre-defined time frame and cost.
SDLC consists of a detailed plan which explains how to plan, build, and maintain specific software. Every phase of the SDLC lifecycle has its own process and deliverables that feed into the next phase.
The entire SDLC process divided into the following stages:
Phase 1: Requirement collection and analysis
Phase 2: Feasibility study
Phase 3: Design
Phase 4: Coding
Phase 5: Testing
Phase 6: Installation/Deployment:
Phase 7: Maintenance:
Question 1
A ___ system is isolated from environmental influences
Closed
open
Abstract
Physical
Question 2
___ is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a system and their relationships within and outside of the system.
System Analysis
System Requirement
System Implementation
System Design
Question 3
A ____ study is a test of a system proposal according to its workability.
feasibility
Technical
Economic
operational

Question 4
The phase describes a final system and the process by which it is developed
System design
Requirement
Implementation
Analysis
Question 5
The ____is the element of a system that involves the actual transformation of input into output.
processor
chip
design
requirement
 Question 6
Which of the following is a phase of SDLC?
Requirement Gathering
Maintenance
Analysis
All options are correct
 Question 7
Selection of the particular life cycle model is based on,
Requirements
technical knowledge of development team
Users
All options are correct
 Question 8
A ____ is a representation of a real or a planned system
model
Data
value
object
 Question 9
An____ system has many interfaces with its environment

Closed
open
Physical
Abstract
 Question 10
_____ systems are conceptual or non-physical entities
Closed
Open
Abstract
Physical

2nd Block Assessment
Case Study
Becoming an effective project manager takes a variety of skills.
It requires strong leadership, superior communication abilities, meticulous planning, and a number of other essential characteristics as well.
But there’s one skill that doesn’t get enough emphasis in the world of project management – strategic and effectual Project Selection.
In fact, a recent Six Sigma-focused study of 43 different companies found that an astounding 75% didn’t even have a Project Selection methodology.
“Ultimately,” writes Six Sigma Qualtec, “if you don’t have a Project Selection process in place – one that is rigorously followed – you will falter.”
An informed and experienced approach to Project Selection allows your company to more effectively manage prospective projects, identify key efforts with more substantial ROIs, and leverage the skills already in place to select projects well-suited for your company’s particular competencies.
In most cases, the final decision on which proposals are accepted generally will fall to executive leadership rather than project managers (PMs).
However, a good project manager should be able to use their experience to help guide decision makers towards choosing an ideal project while still keeping risk and cost estimates realistic.

Question 1
Which of these is not one of the constraints of a project?
Scope
Resources
Team
Budget
 Question 2
The project life cycle consists of
Understanding the scope of the project
Objectives of the project
Formulation and planning various activities
All the options are correct
 
Question 3
Resources refers to
Manpower
Machinery
Materials
All options are correct
 
Question 4
Allocation of every resource in a project is
Market Strategy
Organizational strategy
Investment
A Deliverable

Question 5
Project selection is one of many decisions associated with
Data Analysis
Sample collection
Project Management
None of the Above
 
Question 6
Identifying the costs and the benefits is known as
Economic Feasibility
Technical Feasibility
Organizational Feasibility
None of the above
 Question 7
Popular tool used to plan and schedule time relationships among project activities is known as
Graph
Gantt charts
Diagram
Picture
 
Question 8
Measurement of how suitable system development will be to the company is known as
Frequency
Analysis
Development
Feasibility
 
Question 9
____monitors and controls all the tasks and roles that need to be coordinated in a project.
Tester
Analyst
Project Manager
Administrator

Question 10
____can be quantified and measured directly in a project.
Tangible value
Non tangible value
Data
Attribute

3rd Block Assessment
Case Study
Please refer to the FEASIBILITY TEMPLATE below:.
DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
This section provides a high level description of the products and/or services which are being considered as past of the feasibility study. The purpose of this section is to provide detailed descriptions of exactly what the organization is considering so this information can be applied to the following sections of the document. It is important that this description captures the most important aspects of the products and/or services that the organization is considering as well as how it may benefit customers and the organization.
TECHNOLOGY CONSIDERATIONS
This section should explain any considerations the organization must make with regards to technology. Many new initiatives rely on technology to manage or monitor various business functions. New technology may be developed internally or contracted through a service provider and always result in costs which must be weighed in determining the path forward.

PRODUCT/SERVICE MARKETPLACE
This section describes the existing marketplace for the products and/or services the organization is considering. It may describe who the target market consists of for these products or services, who the competitors are, how products will be distributed, and why customers might choose to buy our products/services. Most marketplaces are dynamic environments in which things change constantly. To enter a new marketplace blindly will usually result in an organization not fully understanding its role and not maximizing its resulting benefits.

MARKETING STRATEGY
This section provides a high level description of how the organization will market its product or service. Some topics which should be included are: how does an organization differentiate itself from its competitors; types of marketing the organization will utilize; and who the organization will target. Marketing efforts must be focused on the right target groups in order to yield the greatest return on investment.

ORGANIZATION AND STAFFING
With many new products or services there may be a need for additional staffing or for an organization to restructure in order to accommodate the change. These are important considerations as they may result in increased costs or require an organization to change its practices and processes.

SCHEDULE
This section is intended to provide a high level framework for implementation of the product or service being considered. This section is not intended to include a detailed schedule as this would be developed during project planning should this initiative be approved. This section may include some targeted milestones and timeframes for completion as a guideline only.

FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS
This section provides a description of the financial projections the new initiative is expected to yield versus additional costs. Financial projections are one key aspect of new project selection criteria. There are many ways to present these projections. Net present value (NPV), cost-benefit calculations, and balance sheets are just some examples of how financial projections may be illustrated.
Question 1
Measure of how suitable system development will be to the company is known as
Feasibility
Frequency
Analysis
Development
 
Question 2
____ analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a candidate system
Technical
Economic
Operational
Organizational
 
Question 3
_____ feasibility centers around the existing computer system (hardware, software, etc.) and to what extent it can support the proposed addition.
Technical
Economic
Operational
Organizational
 
Question 4
Feasibility analysis involves
Prepare system flowcharts
Enumerate potential systems
Describe and identify characteristics of systems
All options are correct
 
Question 5
_____ is a prerequisite to cost/ benefit analysis.
Graph
Chart
Data analysis
Diagram

Question 6
_______relate to the actual purchase or lease of the computer and peripherals (for example, printer, disk drive, tape unit).
Software costs
Hardware costs
Firmware costs
None of the option
 
Question 7
______ refers to the ease with which costs or benefits can be measured.
Tangibility
Quality
Abstraction
None of the above

Question 8
_____ are those with which an exact figure can be directly associated in a project.
High costs
Direct costs
Indirect Costs
All options are correct
 
Question 9
Sunk costs are also known as

No cost
Direct costs
Fixed costs
Variable costs
 
Question 10
The determination of costs and benefits entails
Identify the costs and benefits pertaining to given project.
Select a method of evaluation.
Interpret the results of the analysis.
All options are correct

4th Block Assessment
Case Study
The Food Ordering System:
A context diagram is a data flow diagram that only shows the top level, otherwise known as Level 0. At this level, there is only one visible process node that represents the functions of a complete system in regards to how it interacts with external entities. Some of the benefits of a Context Diagram are:
Shows the overview of the boundaries of a system
No technical knowledge is required to understand with the simple notation
Simple to draw, amend and elaborate as its limited notation
The figure below shows a context Data Flow Diagram that is drawn for a Food Ordering System. It contains a process (shape) that represents the system to model, in this case, the "Food Ordering System". It also shows the participants who will interact with the system, called the external entities. In this example, Supplier, Kitchen, Manager and Customer are the entities who will interact with the system. In between the process and the external entities, there are data flow (connectors) that indicate the existence of information exchange between the entities and the system.
 
Context DFD is the entrance of a data flow model. It contains one and only one process and does not show any data store.
Question 1
In a DFD, external entities are represented by a
rectangle
ellipse
diamond shaped box
circle
 
Question 2
In the case study, which of the following is an external entity?
Investor
Cost
Inventory
Student
 
Question 3
A rectangle in a DFD represents

a process
a data store
an external entity
an input unit
 
Question 4
Which of the following is true for External Entities?
source of input data only
source of input data or destination of results
destination of results only
repository of data
 
Question 5
A data store in a DFD represents
a sequential file
a disk store
a repository of data
a random access memory
 
Question 6
A data flow can
only enter a data store
only leave a data store
enter or leave a data store
either enter or leave a data store but not both
 
Question 7
A .... is represented graphically by an arrow into or out of a process
Process
Entity
Level
Flow
 

Question 8
A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is composed of which elements?
Data sources and destinations
Data flows
Transformation processes
All options are correct
 
Question 9
Which of the following is a DFD symbol which represents data flow?
Arrow
Square
Circle
Rectangle
 
Question 10
What do the circles in a data flow diagram represent?
Data sources and destinations
Data flows
Transformation processes
Data stores

5th Block Assessment
Case Study
System Testing is the testing of a complete and fully integrated software product. Usually software is only one element of a larger computer based system. Ultimately, software is interfaced with other software/hardware systems.System Testing is actually a series of different tests whose sole purpose is to exercise the full computer based system.
Two Category of Software Testing
1.Black Box Testing
2.White Box Testing
System test falls under the black box testing category of software testing.
White box testing is the testing of the internal workings or code of a software application. In contrast, black box or System Testing is the opposite. System test involves the external workings of the software from the user's perspective. What do you verify in System Testing ? System Testing involves testing the software code for following
Testing the fully integrated applications including external peripherals in order to check how components interact with one another and with the system as a whole. This is also called End to End testing scenario.
Verify thorough testing of every input in the application to check for desired outputs.
Testing of the user's experience with the application. .
That is a very basic description of what is involved in system testing. You need to build detailed test cases and test suites that test each aspect of the application as seen from the outside without looking at the actual source code.
Question 1
_______ means storing and sorting in physical, contiguous blocks within files on tape or disk
Sequential organization
Parallel organization
Concurrent organization
None of the option is correct
 
Question 2
Data structuring is refined through a process called ________.
Filtering
normalization
Reducing
Mapping

Question 3
The ____ strategy examines the logic of the program.
Value-Testing
Data-Testing
code-testing
None of the option is correct
 
Question 4
In which of the following the analyst examines the specifications stating what the program should do and how it should perform under various conditions?

specification testing
Data-Testing
code-testing
Value-Testing
 
Question 5
In which of the following the analyst tests the programs making up a system?
Specification testing
Data Testing
Code Testing
Unit Testing
 
Question 6
Which of the following tests the integration of each module in the system?
specification testing
Integration testing
code-testing
unit testing
 
Question 7
In which of the following analysts specify capacity for the system when it is designed and constructed?
specification testing
Integration testing
Storage Testing
Unit Testing
 
Question 8
A _____ is a set of data developed to thoroughly test a system of programs.
Testing library
Compiler
Debugger

Loader
 
Question 9
Which of the following is different sources of test data?
Live data
Artificial data
Both the options are correct
None of the option is correct
 
Question 10
The testing of the internal workings or code of a software application is known as
Black box testing
White box testing
Grey box testing
Yellow box testing

Full Syllabus Assessment
Case Study
Systems Analysis
It is a process of collecting and interpreting facts, identifying the problems, and decomposition of a system into its components.
System analysis is conducted for the purpose of studying a system or its parts in order to identify its objectives. It is a problem solving technique that improves the system and ensures that all the components of the system work efficiently to accomplish their purpose.
Analysis specifies what the system should do. Systems Design
It is a process of planning a new business system or replacing an existing system by defining its components or modules to satisfy the specific requirements. Before planning, you need to understand the old system thoroughly and determine how computers can best be used in order to operate efficiently.
System Design focuses on how to accomplish the objective of the system.
System Analysis and Design (SAD) mainly focuses on −

1.Systems
2.Processes
3.Technology

Question 1
System Study involves
study of an existing system
documenting the existing system
identifying current deficiencies and establishing new goals
All the options are correct
 
Question 2
Which of the following is the primary tool used in structured design?
structure chart
data-flow diagram
program flowchart
module
 
Question 3
In a _____, one module of the new information system is activated at a time.
System Development Life Cycle
CASE tool
Phased Conversion
Success factors
 
Question 4
Which of the following is problem-solving technique that improves the system and ensures that all the components of the system work efficiently to accomplish their purpose?
Compiling
System Analysis
Testing
Linking
 
Question 5
Which of the following is not a factor in the failure of the system development projects?

inadequate user involvement
size of the company
failure of systems integration
continuation of a project that should have been cancelled
 
Question 6
The process of planning a new business system or replacing an existing system by defining its components or modules to satisfy the specific requirements is known as
System Design
System Testing
System Compiling
System Analysis
 
Question 7
Which of the following symbol is used in a flowchart to represent a calculation task?
Input
Output
Start
Process
 
Question 8
Which of the following is an example of a hierarchical data structure?
Array
Linked List
Tree
Queue
 
Question 9
Changes made periodically to a system, after its implementation, is known as 
System Analysis
System Design
System Testing

System Maintenance
 
Question 10
The first step in systems Development Life Cycle is
database design
system design
preliminary investigation and analysis
graphical user interface

Course Summary Assessment